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Communication technologies, from printing to social media, affect ourhistorical records by changing the way ideas are spread and recorded. Yet,finding statistical instruments to address the endogeneity of this relationshiphas been problematic. Here we use a city's distance to Mainz as an instrumentfor the introduction of the printing press in European cities, together withdata on nearly 50 thousand biographies, to show that cities that adoptedprinting earlier were more likely to be the birthplace of a famous scientist orartist in the years after the introduction of printing. At the global scale, wefind that the introduction of printing is associated with a significant anddiscontinuous increase in the number of biographies available from people bornafter the introduction of printing. We bring these findings to more recentcommunication technologies by showing that the number of radios and televisionsin a country correlates with the number of performing artists and sportsplayers from that country that reached global fame, even after controlling forGDP, population, and including country and year fixed effects. These findingssupport the hypothesis that the introduction of communication technologiesshift historical records in the direction of the content that is best suitedfor each technology.

How the medium shapes the message: Printing and the rise of the arts and sciences