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Single photons are the natural link between the nodes of a quantum network:they coherently propagate and interact with many types of quantum bitsincluding natural and artificial atoms. Ideally, one atom shoulddeterministically control the state of a photon and vice-versa. The interactionbetween free space photons and an atom is however intrinsically weak and manyefforts have been dedicated to develop an efficient interface. Recently, it wasshown that the propagation of light can be controlled by an atomic resonancecoupled to a cavity or a single mode waveguide. Here we demonstrate that thestate of a single artificial atom in a cavity can be efficiently controlled bya few-photon pulse. We study a quantum dot optimally coupled to anelectrically-controlled cavity device, acting as a near optimal one-dimensionalatom. By monitoring the exciton population through resonant fluorescence, wedemonstrate Rabi oscillations with a $\pi$-pulse of only 3.8 photons onaverage. The probability to flip the exciton quantum bit with a single photonFock state is calculated to reach 55% in the same device.

Coherent control of a solid-state quantum bit with few-photon pulses