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The heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with device-to-device (D2D)communications have been a promising solution to cost-efficient delivery ofhigh data rates. A key challenge in such D2D-enabled HCNs is how to design aneffective association scheme with D2D model selection for load balancing.Moreover, the offloaded users and D2D receivers (RXs) would suffer stronginterference from BSs, especially from high-power BSs. Evidently, a goodassociation scheme should integrate with interference mitigation. Thus, wefirst propose an effective resource partitioning strategy that can mitigate theinterference received by offloaded users from high-power BSs and the onereceived by D2D RXs from BSs. Based on this, we then design a user associationscheme for load balancing, which jointly considers user association and D2Dmodel selection to maximize network-wide utility. Considering that theformulated problem is in a nonlinear and mixted-integer form and hard totackle, we adopt a dual decomposition method to develop an efficientdistributed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed schemeprovides a load balancing gain and a resource partitioning gain.

Joint User Association and Interference Mitigation for D2D-Enabled Heterogeneous Cellular Networks