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Although, for current laser pulse energies, the weakly nonlinear regime ofLWFA is known to be the optimal for reaching the highest possible electronenergies, the capabilities of upcoming large laser systems will provide thepossibility of running highly nonlinear regimes of laser pulse propagation inunderdense or near-critical plasmas. Using an extended particle-in-cell (PIC)model that takes into account all the relevant physics, we show that suchregimes can be implemented with external guiding for a relatively long distanceof propagation and allow for the stable transformation of laser energy intoother types of energy, including the kinetic energy of a large number of highenergy electrons and their incoherent emission of photons. This is despite thefact that the high intensity of the laser pulse triggers a number of newmechanisms of energy depletion, which we investigate systematically.

Propagation of Ultra-Intense Laser Pulses in Near-critical Plasmas: Depletion Mechanisms and Effects of Radiation Reaction