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Convective and radiative cooling are the two principle mechanisms by whichthe Earth's surface transfers heat into the atmosphere and that shape surfacetemperature. However, this partitioning is not sufficiently constrained byenergy and mass balances alone. We use a simple energy balance model in whichconvective fluxes and surface temperatures are determined with the additionalthermodynamic limit of maximum convective power. We then show that the broadgeographic variation of heat fluxes and surface temperatures in theclimatological mean compare very well with the ERA-Interim reanalysis over landand ocean. We also show that the estimates depend considerably on theformulation of longwave radiative transfer and that a spatially uniform offsetis related to the assumed cold temperature sink at which the heat engineoperates.

Geographic variation of surface energy partitioning in the climatic mean predicted from the maximum power limit