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We discuss a variant of density of states (DoS) techniques for lattice fieldtheories, the so-called "functional fit approach" (FFA). The DoS FFA is basedon a density of states rho(x) which is parameterized on small intervals of theargument x of rho(x). On these intervals restricted Monte Carlo simulationswith an additional Boltzmann factor exp(lambda x) allow to determine rho(x)very precisely by obtaining its parameters from fitting the Monte Carlo data toa known function of lambda. We describe the method in detail and show itsapplicability in four different systems, three of which have a complex actionproblem: The SU(3) spin model with a chemical potential, U(1) lattice gaugetheory, the Z(3) spin model with chemical potential, and 2-dimensional U(1)lattice gauge theory with a topological term. In all cases we compare toreference calculations, which partly were done in a dual formulation where thecomplex action problem is absent. In all four cases we find a very encouragingperformance of the DoS FFA.

Density of states techniques for lattice field theories using the functional fit approach (FFA)