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We review the effects of heavy scalar fields during inflation in theframework of $\mathcal N = 1$ supergravity. Such heavy scalars can be geometricmoduli from string compactifications or stabilizer fields from a differentsector of the theory. Even when these fields are heavier than the Hubble scaleduring inflation, they generically cause backreactions which alter the dynamicsof the system. Severe problems may arise when the heavy fields breaksupersymmetry, which is quite generic for K\"ahler moduli. We illustrate theseeffects in two examples, chaotic inflation and Starobinsky-like inflation. Inchaotic inflation the backreaction of heavy K\"ahler moduli causes a flatteningof the quadratic potential. In many setups of Starobinsky-like inflation,however, backreactions spoil the flatness of the plateau.

Inflation, the scale of supersymmetry breaking, and moduli stabilization