English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Most species are structured and influenced by processes that either increasedor reduced gene flow between populations. However, most population geneticinference methods ignore population structure and reconstruct a historycharacterized by population size changes under the assumption that speciesbehave as panmictic units. This is potentially problematic since populationstructure can generate spurious signals of population size change. Moreover,when the model assumed for demographic inference is misspecified, genomic datawill likely increase the precision of misleading if not meaningless parameters.In a context of model uncertainty (panmixia \textit{versus} structure) genomicdata may thus not necessarily lead to improved statistical inference.  We consider two haploid genomes and develop a theory which explains why anydemographic model (with or without population size changes) will necessarily beinterpreted as a series of changes in population size by inference methodsignoring structure. We introduce a new parameter, the IICR (inverseinstantaneous coalescence rate), and show that it is equivalent to a populationsize only in panmictic models, and mostly misleading for structured models. Weargue that this general issue affects all population genetics methods ignoringpopulation structure. We take the PSMC method as an example and show that itinfers population size changes that never took place. We apply our approach tohuman genomic data and find a reduction in gene flow at the start of thePleistocene, a major increase throughout the Middle-Pleistocene, and an abruptdisconnection preceding the emergence of modern humans.

On the importance of being structured: instantaneous coalescence rates and a re-evaluation of human evolution