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Density modulations on electron beams can improve machine performance ofbeam-driven accelerators and FELs with resonance beam-wave coupling. The beammodulation is studied with a masked chicane by the analytic model andsimulations with the beam parameters of the Fermilab Accelerator Science andTechnology (FAST) facility. With the chicane design parameters (bending angleof 18{\deg}, bending radius of 0.95 m and R56 ~ - 0.19 m) and a nominal beam of3 ps bunch length, the analytic model showed that a slit-mask with slit period900 {\mu}m and aperture width 300 {\mu}m induces a modulation of bunch-to-bunchspacing ~100 {\mu}m to the bunch with 2.4% correlated energy spread. With thedesigned slit mask and a 3 ps bunch, particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations,including nonlinear energy distributions, space charge force, and coherentsynchrotron radiation (CSR) effect, also result in beam modulation withbunch-to-bunch distance around 100 {\mu}m and a corresponding modulationfrequency of 3 THz. The beam modulation has been extensively examined withthree different beam conditions, 2.25 ps (0.25 nC), 3.25 ps (1 nC), and 4.75 ps(3.2 nC) by tracking code Elegant. The simulation analysis indicates that thesliced beam by the slit-mask with 3 ~ 6% correlated energy spread hasmodulation lengths about 187 {\mu}m (0.25 nC), 270 {\mu}m (1 nC) and 325 {\mu}m(3.2 nC). The theoretical and numerical data proved the capability of thedesigned masked chicane in producing modulated bunch train with micro-bunchlength around 100 fs.

Theoretical and Numerical Analyses of a Slit-Masked Chicane for Modulated Bunch Generation