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Network densification through the deployment of large number of small cellshas been considered as the dominant driver for wireless evolution into 5G.However, it has increased the complexity of mobility management, and operatorshave been facing the technical challenges in handover (HO) parameteroptimization. The trade-off between the HO failure (HOF) rate and the ping-pong(PP) rate has further complicated the challenges. In this article, we proposedZEro handover failure with Unforced and automatic time-to-execute Scaling(ZEUS) HO. ZEUS HO assures HO signaling when a user equipment (UE) is in a goodradio link condition and executes the HO at an optimal time. We analyzed the HOperformance of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and ZEUS theoretically using ageometry-based model, considering the most important HO parameter, i.e., HOmargin (HOM). We derived the probabilities of HOF and PP from the analysis. Thenumerical results demonstrated that ZEUS HO can achieve zero HOF rate withoutincreasing the PP rate, solving the trade-off. Furthermore, we showed that theZEUS HO can accomplish zero HOF rate and zero PP rate simultaneously with anextension of keeping fast moving users out of small cells.

Is It Possible to Simultaneously Achieve Zero Handover Failure Rate and Ping-Pong Rate?