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Under prolonged starvation, the nucleoid of E. coli bacteria formsnanocrystalline complexes with the protein Dps. By one hypothesis, this effectis considered to be a manifestation of a general strategy of self-preservationof living organisms under adverse conditions by forming stable orderedstructures which do not require consumption of energy for maintaining theorder. The effect of nucleoid biocrystallization in starved bacteria has beeninvestigated in a number of studies using electron microscopy. However, thismethod did not answer all questions regarding the structure of thenanocrystals, and, primarily, the question of the true conformation of DNA inthese complexes. This issue is particularly important because it is related toa more general, actively researched topic of organization of the geneticmaterial, which affects gene expression and is thus critical for thefunctioning of organisms. The intracellular DNA-Dps nanocrystals have the sizein the range of hundreds of nanometers and are thus particularly suitable forstudy at X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). In this paper, we discuss thepossible configurations of XFEL experiments aimed at determining theconformation of DNA in the DNA-Dps nanocrystals grown in vivo and in vitro, aswell as the specific features and challenges associated with this type ofsample. We conclude that the XFEL technique has a high potential for uncoveringthe structural details of bacterial nucleoid restructuring under stress.

In vivo crystallization of bacterial nucleoid under stress. Possibilities of study at X-ray free electron lasers