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Spectrum Sensing (SS) is one of the most challenging issues in CognitiveRadio (CR) systems. Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) is proposed to enhancethe detection reliability of a Primary User (PU) in fading environments. Inthis paper, we propose a hard decision based CSS algorithm using energydetection with taking into account the noise uncertainty effect. In theproposed algorithm, two dynamic thresholds are toggled based on predicting thecurrent PU activity, which can be successfully expected using a simplesuccessive averaging process with time. Also, their values are evaluated usingan estimated value of the noise uncertainty factor. These dynamic thresholdsare used to compensate the noise uncertainty effect and increase (decrease) theprobability of detection (false alarm), respectively. Theoretical analysis isperformed on the proposed algorithm to deduce its enhanced false alarm anddetection probabilities compared to the conventional hard decision CSS.Moreover, simulation analysis is used to confirm the theoretical claims andprove the high performance of the proposed scheme compared to the conventionalCSS using different fusion rules.

Hard Decision Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Based on Estimating the Noise Uncertainty Factor