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Object kinetic Monte Carlo simulations were performed to study the impact ofvarying dose rate and grain size up to a dose of 1.0 dpa in pure,polycrystalline tungsten, subjected to a neutron irradiation having a PKAspectrum corresponding to the High Flux Isotope Reactor. The present studymodels defect cluster accumulation in tungsten, but does not consider theimpact of transmutation or pre-existing defects beyond the grain boundarysinks, with varying grain size. With increasing dose rate, the vacancy clusterdensity increases, while the number density of vacancies decreases.Accordingly, the average vacancy cluster size and the fraction of vacanciesthat are part of visible clusters decreases with increasing dose rate. Withincreasing grain size, both the number densities of vacancies and vacancyclusters decrease, while both the fraction of vacancies in visible clusters andthe average vacancy cluster size increase. This is caused by thepseudo-ripening of the vacancy clusters due to the longer-livedself-interstitial clusters in larger grains. The spatial ordering of vacancyclusters along {110} planes was observed for both grain sizes and all doserates studied. Interplanar spacing increases with grain size; however, no cleardependence on dose or dose rate was observed. The results of this study showthat 1D diffusion of self-interstitial clusters, while necessary, is notsufficient to form a void lattice, and that the diffusion of vacancies is alsorequired. A methodology is suggested for choosing the simulation box dimensionsso as to represent more faithfully the effects of one-dimensional migratingself-interstitial-atom clusters.

Object Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Radiation Damage in  Neutron-Irradiated Tungsten Part-I: Neutron Flux with a PKA Spectrum  Corresponding to the High-flux Isotope Reactor