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There have been numerous reports of quasiperiodicities in solar activity inthe intermediate period range. However, no accepted explanation for theepisodic occurrence of quasiperiodicities has emerged. This paper examines thepossibility that the periodicities are associated with a Mercury Suninteraction of base period 88 days. To test this idea we band pass filter the140 year long daily sunspot area data to obtain the 88 day period and 176 daysub harmonic period components of the data and compare the time variation ofthe components with the time variation of the orbital radius of Mercury, ormore specifically with the time variation of the tidal effect of Mercury. Wewere able to show that, when successive episodes of the occurrence of the 88day period component were discrete and not overlapping in time, the timevariation of this component of sunspot area was either exactly in-phase orexactly in anti-phase with the time variation of tidal effect. A similar resultwas obtained for the 176 day period component. When several discrete episodesof the components occurred during a solar cycle the spectrum of the sunspotarea data exhibited strong sidebands with periods dependent on the duration ofthe episodes. A simple model based on episode modulation and solar cyclemodulation of 88 day and sub harmonic period sinusoids reproduced most of thespectral peaks observed in the intermediate range of sunspot area periodicity.This is compelling evidence of a link between the motion of Mercury and theperiodic emergence of sunspots. It is proposed that the link involves magneticsurface waves with mode periods close to the sub harmonic periods associatedwith Mercury and the triggering of sunspot emergence by the waves.

Evidence of a planetary influence on solar activity: Phase coherence of the variation in sunspot area with the tidal effect of Mercury