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Massive MIMO systems, where the base stations are equipped with hundreds ofantenna elements, are an attractive way to attain unprecedented spectralefficiency in future wireless networks. In the "classical" massive MIMOsetting, the terminals are assumed fully loaded and a main impairment to theperformance comes from the inter-cell pilot contamination, i.e., interferencefrom terminals in neighboring cells using the same pilots as in the home cell.However, when the terminals are active intermittently, it is viable to avoidinter-cell contamination by pre-allocation of pilots, while same-cell terminalsuse random access to select the allocated pilot sequences. This leads to theproblem of intra-cell pilot contamination. We propose a framework for randomaccess in massive MIMO networks and derive new uplink sum rate expressions thattake intra-cell pilot collisions, intermittent terminal activity, andinterference into account. We use these expressions to optimize the terminalactivation probability and pilot length.

Random Access for Massive MIMO Systems with Intra-Cell Pilot Contamination