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The transverse hygro-expansion of the Norway spruce wood is studied on thegrowth ring level using digital image correlation. This non-destructivetechnique offers the possibility to contactless study deformation fields ofrelatively large areas. The measured full-field strains are segmented intoindividual growth rings. Whereas radial strains closely follow the densityprogression with the maximum in the dense latewood, tangential and shear strainremain constant except for positions around the edges of the sample. A simpleFE three phase growth ring model is in good agreement with the experimentalvalues. The selective activation of individual phases like earlywood,transitionwood and latewood demonstrates that the radial hygro-expansion isdominated by the earlywood deformation, whereas tangential deformation is acomplex interplay of expansion and compression that needs all tissues to fullydevelop.

Full-field moisture induced deformation in Norway spruce: intra-ring variation of transverse swelling