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In simple perceptual decisions the brain has to identify a stimulus based onnoisy sensory samples from the stimulus. Basic statistical considerations statethat the reliability of the stimulus information, i.e., the amount of noise inthe samples, should be taken into account when the decision is made. However,for perceptual decision making experiments it has been questioned whether thebrain indeed uses the reliability for making decisions when confronted withunpredictable changes in stimulus reliability. We here show that even the basicdrift diffusion model, which has frequently been used to explain experimentalfindings in perceptual decision making, implicitly relies on estimates ofstimulus reliability. We then show that only those variants of the driftdiffusion model which allow stimulus-specific reliabilities are consistent withneurophysiological findings. Our analysis suggests that the brain estimates thereliability of the stimulus on a short time scale of at most a few hundredmilliseconds.

The Brain Uses Reliability of Stimulus Information when Making Perceptual Decisions