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The ability to control the light matter interaction and simultaneous tuningof both structural order and disorder in materials, although are important inphotonics, but still remain as major challenges. In this paper, we show thatoptical path length dictates light-matter interaction in the same crystalstructure formed by the ordering of magnetic nanoparticle self-assembledcolumns inside magnetic nanofluid under applied field. When the optical pathlength (L=80 {\mu}m) is shorter than the optical (for wavelength,{\lambda}=632.8 nm) coherence length inside the magnetic nanofluid underapplied field, a Debye diffraction ring pattern is observed; while for longerpath length (L=1mm), a corona ring of scattered light is observed. Analysis ofDebye diffraction ring pattern suggests the formation of 3D hexagonal crystalstructure, where the longitudinal and lateral inter-column spacings are 5.281and 7.344 microns, respectively. Observation of speckles within the Debyediffraction pattern confirms the presence of certain degree of structuraldisorder within the crystal structure, which can be tuned by controlling theapplied field strength, nanoparticle size and particle volume fraction. Ourresults provide a new approach to develop next generation of tunable photonicdevices, based on simultaneous harnessing of the properties of disorderedphotonic glass and 3D photonic crystal.

Tuning light matter interaction in magnetic nanofluid based field induced photonic crystal-glass structure by controlling optical path length