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The hygro-mechanical behavior of a hierarchical cellular material, i.e.growth rings of softwood is investigated using a two-scale micro-mechanicsmodel based on a computational homogenization technique. The lower scaleconsiders the individual wood cells of varying geometry and dimensions.Honeycomb unit cells with periodic boundary conditions are utilized tocalculate the mechanical properties and swelling coefficients of wood cells.Using the cellular scale results, the anisotropy in mechanical and swellingbehavior of a growth ring in transverse directions is investigated. Predictedresults are found to be comparable to experimental data. It is found that theorthotropic swelling properties of the cell wall in thin-walled earlywood cellsproduce anisotropic swelling behavior while, in thick latewood cells, thisanisotropy vanishes. The proposed approach provides the ability to consider thecomplex microstructure when predicting the effective mechanical and swellingproperties of softwood.

Computational up-scaling of anisotropic swelling and mechanical behavior of hierarchical cellular material