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This work focuses on a large-scale multi-cell multi-user MIMO system in which$L$ base stations (BSs) of $N$ antennas each communicate with $K$single-antenna user equipments. We consider the design of the linear precoderthat minimizes the total power consumption while ensuring target user rates.Three configurations with different degrees of cooperation among BSs areconsidered: the coordinated beamforming scheme (only channel state informationis shared among BSs), the coordinated multipoint MIMO processing technology ornetwork MIMO (channel state and data cooperation), and a single cellbeamforming scheme (only local channel state information is used forbeamforming while channel state cooperation is needed for power allocation).The analysis is conducted assuming that $N$ and $K$ grow large with a nontrivial ratio $K/N$ and imperfect channel state information (modeled by thegeneric Gauss-Markov formulation form) is available at the BSs. Tools of randommatrix theory are used to compute, in explicit form, deterministicapproximations for: (i) the parameters of the optimal precoder; (ii) the powersneeded to ensure target rates; and (iii) the total transmit power. Theseresults are instrumental to get further insight into the structure of theoptimal precoders and also to reduce the implementation complexity inlarge-scale networks. Numerical results are used to validate the asymptoticanalysis in the finite system regime and to make comparisons among thedifferent configurations.

Large System Analysis of Base Station Cooperation for Power Minimization