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We investigate the effects produced mainly by broadband soft X-rays up to 2keV (plus fast (keV) photoelectrons and low-energy (eV) induced secondaryelectrons) in the ice mixtures containing H2O:CO2:NH3:SO2 (10:1:1:1) at twodifferent temperatures (50 K and 90 K). The experiments are an attempt tosimulate the photochemical processes induced by energetic photons inSO2-containing ices present in cold environments in the ices surrounding youngstellar objects (YSO) and in molecular clouds in the vicinity of star-formingregions, which are largely illuminated by soft X-rays. The measurements wereperformed using a high vacuum portable chamber from the Laboratorio deAstroquimica e Astrobiologia (LASA/UNIVAP) coupled to the spherical gratingmonochromator (SGM) beamline at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS)in Campinas, Brazil. In-situ analyses were performed by a Fourier transforminfrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Sample processing revealed the formation ofseveral organic molecules, including nitriles, acids, and other compounds suchas H2O2, H3O+, SO3, CO, and OCN-. The dissociation cross section of parentalspecies was in the order of 2-7E-18 cm2. The ice temperature seems not toaffect the stability for SO2 in the presence of X-rays. Formation crosssections of produced new species were also determined. Molecular half-lives atices towards YSOs due to the presence of incoming soft X-rays were estimated.The low obtained values, employing two different models of radiation field ofYSOs (TW Hydra and typical T Tauri star), reinforce that soft X-rays are indeeda very efficient source of molecular dissociation in such environments.

The effect of broadband soft X-rays in SO2-containing ices: Implication on the photochemistry of ices towards young stellar objects