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The criterion for the initiation of breaking demonstrated numerically byBarthelemy et al. (2015) has been investigated in the laboratory forunidirectional wave groups in deep-water and extended to include conditions ofmoderate wind forcing. Thermal Image Velocimetry was used to comparemeasurements of the crest surface water particle velocity (Us) with the wavecrest velocity (C), as determined by an array of closely-spaced wave gauges.The energy flux ratio Bx = Us/C that distinguishes maximum recurrence frommarginal breaking was found to be 0.840 $\pm$ 0.016 in good agreement with thenumerically determined value of 0.855. Further, the threshold was found to berobust for different classes of wave groups of distinct characteristicsteepness at the breaking threshold. Increasing wind forcing from zero toU{\lambda}/4/C0=1.42 increased this threshold by 2%. Increasing the spectralbandwidth (decreasing the Benjamin-Feir index from 0.39 to 0.31) systematicallyreduced the threshold by 1.5%.

Wave breaking onset of two-dimensional deep-water wave groups in the presence and absence of wind