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In an analysis of a 2.92~fb$^{-1}$ data sample taken at 3.773~GeV with theBESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider, we measure the absolute decaybranching fractions to be $\mathcal B(D^0 \to K^-e^+\nu_e)=(3.505\pm 0.014 \pm0.033)\%$ and $\mathcal B(D^0 \to \pi^-e^+\nu_e)=(0.295\pm 0.004\pm 0.003)\%$.From a study of the differential decay rates we obtain the products of hadronicform factor and the magnitude of the CKM matrix element$f_{+}^K(0)|V_{cs}|=0.7172\pm0.0025\pm 0.0035$ and$f_{+}^{\pi}(0)|V_{cd}|=0.1435\pm0.0018\pm 0.0009$. Combining these productswith the values of $|V_{cs(d)}|$ from the SM constraint fit, we extract thehadronic form factors $f^K_+(0) = 0.7368\pm0.0026\pm 0.0036$ and $f^\pi_+(0) =0.6372\pm0.0080\pm 0.0044$, and their ratio $f_+^{\pi}(0)/f_+^{K}(0)=0.8649\pm0.0112\pm 0.0073$. These form factors and their ratio are used to testunquenched Lattice QCD calculations of the form factors and a light cone sumrule (LCSR) calculation of their ratio. The measured value of $f_+^{K(\pi)}(0)|V_{cs(d)}|$ and the lattice QCD value for $f^{K(\pi)}_+(0)$ are used toextract values of the CKM matrix elements of $|V_{cs}|=0.9601 \pm 0.0033 \pm0.0047 \pm 0.0239$ and $|V_{cd}|=0.2155 \pm 0.0027 \pm 0.0014 \pm 0.0094$,where the third errors are due to the uncertainties in lattice QCD calculationsof the form factors. Using the LCSR value for $f_+^\pi(0)/f_+^K(0)$, wedetermine the ratio $|V_{cd}|/|V_{cs}|=0.238\pm 0.004\pm 0.002\pm 0.011$, wherethe third error is from the uncertainty in the LCSR normalization. In addition,we measure form factor parameters for three different theoretical models thatdescribe the weak hadronic charged currents for these two semileptonic decays.All of these measurements are the most precise to date.

Study of Dynamics of $D^0 \to K^- e^+ \nu_{e}$ and $D^0\to\pi^- e^+ \nu_{e}$ Decays