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Phasor measurement units (PMUs) can be effectively utilized for themonitoring and control of the power grid. As the cyber-world becomesincreasingly embedded into power grids, the risks of this inevitable evolutionbecome serious. In this paper, we present a risk mitigation strategy, based ondynamic state estimation, to eliminate threat levels from the grid's unknowninputs and potential cyber-attacks. The strategy requires (a) the potentiallyincomplete knowledge of power system models and parameters and (b) real-timePMU measurements.  First, we utilize a dynamic state estimator for higher order depictions ofpower system dynamics for simultaneous state and unknown inputs estimation.Second, estimates of cyber-attacks are obtained through an attack detectionalgorithm. Third, the estimation and detection components are seamlesslyutilized in an optimization framework to determine the most impacted PMUmeasurements. Finally, a risk mitigation strategy is proposed to guarantee theelimination of threats from attacks, ensuring the observability of the powersystem through available, safe measurements. Case studies are included tovalidate the proposed approach. Insightful suggestions, extensions, and openproblems are also posed.

Risk Mitigation for Dynamic State Estimation Against Cyber Attacks and Unknown Inputs