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Colonies of ants are systems of interacting living organisms in whichinteractions between individuals and their environment can produce a reliableperformance of a complex tasks without the need for centralised control.Particularly remarkable is the process of formation of refined paths betweenthe nest and food sources that is essential for successful foraging. We havedesigned a simple stochastic off-lattice model of ant foraging in the absenceof direct communication. The motion of ants is governed by two components - arandom change in direction of motion that improves ability to explore theenvironment (facilitating food discovery), and a non-random global indirectinteraction component based on pheromone signalling. Using numericalsimulations we have studied the model behaviour in different parameter regimesand tested the ability of our model ants to adapt to changes in the externalenvironment. The simulated behaviour of ants in the model recapitulated theexperimentally observed behaviours of real ants. Furthermore we observeinteresting synchronization in ant movement patterns which vary with thediffusion properties of the pheromones.

A stochastic model of ant trail following with two pheromones