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Ease of miniaturization and minimal maintenance are among the advantages forreplacing conventional batteries with vibratory energy harvesters in a wide ofrange of disciplines and applications, from wireless communication sensors tomedical implants. However, the current harvesters do not extract energy fromthe ambient vibrations in a very efficient and robust fashion, and hence, thereneed to be more optimal harvesting approaches. In this paper, we introduce ageneric architecture for vibration energy harvesting and delineate the keychallenges in the field. Then, we formulate an optimal control problem tomaximize the harvested energy. Though possessing similar structure to that ofthe standard LQG problem, this optimal control problem is inherently differentfrom the LQG problem and poses theoretical challenges to control community. Asthe first step, we simplify it to a tractable problem of optimizing controlgains for a linear system subjected to Gaussian white noise excitation, andshow that this optimal problem has non-trivial optimal solutions in both timeand frequency domains.

Optimal control strategies for efficient energy harvesting from ambient vibrations