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The electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon characterize the effect ofits internal structure on its response to an electromagnetic probe as studiedin elastic electron-nucleon scattering. These form factors are functions of thesquared four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ between the electron and the proton. Thetwo main classes of observables of this reaction are the scattering crosssection and polarization asymmetries, both of which are sensitive to the formfactors in different ways. When considering large momentum transfers,double-polarization observables offer superior sensitivity to the electric formfactor. This thesis reports the results of a new measurement of the ratio ofthe electric and magnetic form factors of the proton at high momentum transferusing the recoil polarization technique. A polarized electron beam wasscattered from a liquid hydrogen target, transferring polarization to therecoiling protons. These protons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer whichwas used to reconstruct their kinematics, including their scattering angles andmomenta, and the position of the interaction vertex. A proton polarimetermeasured the polarization of the recoiling protons by measuring the azimuthalasymmetry in the angular distribution of protons scattered in CH$_2$ analyzers.The scattered electron was detected in a large-acceptance electromagneticcalorimeter in order to suppress inelastic backgrounds. The measured ratio ofthe transverse and longitudinal polarization components of the scattered protonis directly proportional to the ratio of form factors $G_E^p/G_M^p$. Themeasurements reported in this thesis took place at $Q^2=$5.2, 6.7, and 8.5GeV$^2$, and represent the most accurate measurements of $G_E^p$ in this $Q^2$region to date.

Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to High Momentum Transfer