English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Launching of surface plasmons by swift electrons has long been utilized inelectron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to investigate plasmonic properties ofultrathin, or two-dimensional (2D), electron systems. However, itsspatio-temporal process has never been revealed. This is because the impact ofan electron will generate not only plasmons, but also photons, whose emissioncannot be achieved at a single space-time point, as fundamentally determinedfrom the uncertainty principle. Here, we propose that such a space-timelimitation also applies to surface plasmon generation in EELS experiment. Onthe platform of graphene, we demonstrate within the framework of classicalelectrodynamics that the launching of 2D plasmons by an electron's impact isdelayed after a hydrodynamic splashing-like process, which occurs during theplasmonic "formation time" when the electron traverses the "formation zone."Considering this newly revealed process, we show that previous estimates on theyields of graphene plasmons in EELS have been overestimated.

Dynamical Mechanism of Two-Dimensional Plasmon Launching by Swift Electrons