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Complex dielectric variations can address neatly the maturity of organic-richmudrocks. We, therefore, apply an open hemispherical cavity resonator tomeasure complex dielectric permitivitties of five thin sections of oil (bakken)shales (with different maturity) of $\sim$ 30 $\mu$m thickness onglass-substrates around 2.15 mm thick in 100 - 165 GHz. The real part ofcomplex dielectric permittivity ($\epsilon_{re}$) are constant but showsignificant differences in magnitude based on maturity: (1) lowest, $\sim$ 1.9,for immature or early maturation stage, (2) higher than the immature one,$\sim$ 3.0 (also bundled up together), for three oil-matured stages, and (3)highest, $\sim$ 4.9, for late or overmatured stage. The conductivity($\sigma_{re}$) from imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant($\epsilon_{im}$) emphasizes two important features of conductivity of oilshales: (1) frequency dispersion, and (2) maturity-dependence. We obtainincreases of $\sigma_{re}$ with maturity and frequency.

Complex dielectric properties of organic-rich mudrocks as functions of maturity