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Open-ended evolutionary dynamics remains an elusive goal for artificialevolutionary systems. Many ideas exist in the biological literature beyond thebasic Darwinian requirements of variation, differential reproduction andinheritance. I argue that these ideas can be seen as aspects of fivefundamental requirements for open-ended evolution: (1) robustly reproductiveindividuals, (2) a medium allowing the possible existence of a practicallyunlimited diversity of individuals and interactions, (3) individuals capable ofproducing more complex offspring, (4) mutational pathways to other viableindividuals, and (5) drive for continued evolution. I briefly discussimplications of this view for the design of artificial systems with greaterevolutionary potential.

Requirements for Open-Ended Evolution in Natural and Artificial Systems