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Bacteria are able to maintain a narrow distribution of cell sizes byregulating the timing of cell divisions. In rich nutrient conditions, cellsdivide much faster than their chromosomes replicate. This implies that cellsmaintain multiple rounds of chromosome replication per cell division byregulating the timing of chromosome replications. Here, we show that both cellsize and chromosome replication may be simultaneously regulated by thelong-standing initiator accumulation strategy. The strategy proposes thatinitiators are produced in proportion to the volume increase and is accumulatedat each origin of replication, and chromosome replication is initiated when acritical amount per origin has accumulated. We show that this model maps to theincremental model of size control, which was previously shown to reproduceexperimentally observed correlations between various events in the cell cycleand explains the exponential dependence of cell size on the growth rate of thecell. Furthermore, we show that this model also leads to the efficientregulation of the timing of initiation and the number of origins consistentwith existing experimental results.

Simultaneous regulation of cell size and chromosome replication in bacteria