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For the first time in history, humans have reached the point where it ispossible to construct a revolutionary space-based observatory that has thecapability to find dozens of Earth-like worlds, and possibly some with signs oflife. This same telescope, designed as a long-lived facility, would alsoproduce transformational scientific advances in every area of astronomy andastrophysics from black hole physics to galaxy formation, from star and planetformation to the origins of the Solar System. The Association of Universitiesfor Research in Astronomy (AURA) commissioned a study on a next-generationUVOIR space observatory with the highest possible scientific impact in the erafollowing JWST. This community-based study focuses on the future space-basedoptions for UV and optical astronomy that significantly advance ourunderstanding of the origin and evolution of the cosmos and the life within it.The committee concludes that a space telescope equipped with a 12-meter classprimary mirror can find and characterize dozens of Earth-like planets and makefundamental advances across nearly all fields of astrophysics. The concept iscalled the High Definition Space Telescope (HDST). The telescope would belocated at the Sun-Earth L2 point and would cover a spectral range that, at aminimum, runs from 0.1 to 2 microns. Unlike JWST, HDST will not need to operateat cryogenic temperatures. HDST can be made to be serviceable on orbit but doesnot require servicing to complete its primary scientific objectives. We presentthe scientific and technical requirements for HDST and show that it could allowus to determine whether or not life is common outside the Solar System. We donot propose a specific design for such a telescope, but show that designing,building and funding such a facility is feasible beginning in the next decade -if the necessary strategic investments in technology begin now.

From Cosmic Birth to Living Earths: The Future of UVOIR Space Astronomy