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We use laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) experiments and Reynolds-averagedNavier--Stokes (RANS) simulations to study the characteristic flow patternsdownstream of a standardized clockwise swirl disturbance generator. Afterquantifying the impact of the mesh size, we evaluate the potential of variouseddy-viscosity turbulence models in providing reasonable approximations withrespect to the experimental reference. The choice of turbulent models reflectscurrent industry practice. Our results suggest that models from the$k$-$\epsilon$ family are more accurate in predicting swirling flows thanmodels from the $k$-$\omega$ family. For sufficiently resolved meshes, therealizable $k$-$\epsilon$ model provides the most accurate approximation of thevelocity magnitudes, although it fails to capture small-scale flow structureswhich are accurately predicted by the standard $k$-$\epsilon$ model and the RNG$k$-$\epsilon$ model. Throughout the article, we highlight practical guidancefor the choice of RANS turbulence models for swirling flow.

Performance of eddy-viscosity turbulence models for predicting swirling pipe-flow: Simulations and laser-Doppler velocimetry