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This paper presents switched Multi- Element Antennas (MEAs) as a simple, yeteffective, method of enhancing the performance of small cell heterogeneousnetworks and compensating for the small cell base station sub-optimalplacement. The switched MEA system is a low-cost system which enables the smallcell to dynamically direct its transmission power toward locations of high userdensity, in other words demand hotspots. Our simulation results show that smallcell base stations equipped with switched MEA systems offer greater performancethan base stations equipped with omni-directional antennas in terms of both thenumber of users that can be served (and hence offloaded from the macrocellnetwork) and in terms of overall network capacity. We also compare theperformance of the switched MEA with fixed directional antennas and show thatfixed-directional antennas can only outperform the switched MEA if themisalignment between their direction of transmission and the direction to thedemand hotspot is less than 22.5 degrees.

Optimization of Demand Hotspot Capacities using Switched Multi-Element Antenna Equipped Small Cells