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We have synthesized two Nb@C composites with an order of magnitude differencein the density of single-atom niobium substituted into graphitic layers. Theconcentration and sites of single-atom Nb are identified usingaberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and densityfunctional theory. Comparing the complex permittivity spectra show that therepresentative dielectric resonance at ~16 GHz originates from the intrinsicpolarization of single-atom Nb sites, confirmed by theoretical simulations. Thesingle-atom dielectric resonance represents the physical limit of theelectromagnetic response of condensed matter, and thus might open up a newavenue for designing electromagnetic wave absorption materials. Single-atomresonance also has important implications in understanding the correlationbetween the macroscopic dielectric behaviors and the atomic-scale structuralorigin.

Gigahertz Dielectric Polarization of Single-atom Niobium Substituted in Graphitic layers