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Excitation of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) of metal nanoparticles (NPs)residing on a flat metal film has attracted great attentions recently due tothe enhanced electromagnetic (EM) fields found to be higher than the case ofNPs on a dielectric substrate. In the present work, it is shown that even muchhigher enhancement of EM fields is obtained by exciting the LSPs throughextended surface plasmons (ESPs) generated at the metallic film surface usingthe Kretschmann-Raether configuration. We show that the largest EM fieldenhancement and the highest surface-enhanced fluorescence intensity areobtained when the incidence angle is the ESP resonance angle of the underlyingmetal film. The finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate thatexcitation of LSPs using ESPs can generate 1-3 orders higher EM field intensitythan direct excitation of the LSPs using incidence from free space. Theultrahigh enhancement is attributed to the strong confinement of the ESP wavesin the vertical direction. The drastically intensified EM fields aresignificant for highly-sensitive refractive index sensing, surface-enhancedspectroscopies, and enhancing the efficiency of optoelectronic devices.

Ultrahigh Enhancement of Electromagnetic Fields by Exciting Localized with Extended Surface Plasmons