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Multimode fibers (MMFs) are attractive ultra-thin replacements forstate-of-the-art endoscopes, but the phase randomization in propagation throughMMFs poses a major hurdle for imaging and focusing of light. Recently, thischallenge has been addressed by pre-measuring the compensation for the fiber'scomplex input-output modes relations. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of thisapproach to fiber bending and temperature variations renders it inappropriatefor many applications. Here, we demonstrate a truly endoscopic robust methodfor controlled in-situ focusing and scanning through a flexible uncharacterizedMMF, whereby all the instrumentation is situated at the proximal end. We showthat in graded-index (GRIN) fibers, light patterns at the proximal end allowretrieving information about the distal light distribution. We utilize theseproperties and two-photon fluorescence for robust controlled focusing throughbended GRIN fibers. Our results carry potential for lensless two-photonmicro-endoscopy.

Focusing and Scanning through Flexible Multimode Fibers without Access to the Distal End