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This study aims at the effects of traumatic brachial plexus lesion with rootavulsions (BPA) upon the organization of the primary motor cortex (M1). Nineright-handed patients with a right BPA in whom an intercostal tomusculocutaneous (ICN-MC) nerve transfer was performed had post-operativeresting state fRMI scanning. The analysis of empirical functional correlationsbetween neighboring voxels revealed faster decay as a function of distance inthe M1 region corresponding to the arm in BPA patients as compared to thecontrol group. No differences between the two groups were found in the facearea. We also investigated whether such larger decay in patients could beattributed to a gray matter diminution in M1. Structural imaging analysisshowed no difference in gray matter density between groups. Our findingssuggest that the faster decay in neighboring functional correlations withoutany gray matter diminution in BPA patients could be related to a reducedactivity in intrinsic horizontal connections in M1 responsible by upper limbmotor synergies.

Reduced functional connectivity within the primary motor cortex of patients with brachial plexus injury