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The IEEE 802.11p is the technology dedicated to vehicular communications tosupport road safety, efficiency, and comfort applications. A large number ofresearch activities have been carried out to study the characteristics of theIEEE 802.11p. The key weakness of the IEEE 802.11p is the channel congestionissue, where the wireless channel gets saturated when the road densityincreases. The European Telecommunications Standardization Institute (ETSI) isin the progress of studying the channel congestion problem and proposedso-called Reactive Distributed Congestion Control (DCC) algorithm as a solutionto the congestion issue. In this report we investigate the impacts of theReactive DCC mechanism in comparison to the conventional IEEE 802.11p with nocongestion control. Our study shows that the Reactive DCC scheme createsoscillation on channel load that consequently degrades communicationperformance. The results reveal that the channel load oscillation is due to thefact that in the Reactive DCC, the individual CAM (Cooperative AwarenessMessage) controllers react to the channel congestion in a synchronized manner.To reduce the oscillation, in this report we propose a simple extension toReactive DCC, Asynchronous Reactive DCC, in which the individual CAMcontrollers adopt randomized rate setting, which can significantly reduce theoscillation and improve the network performance.

Evaluation of Synchronous and Asynchronous Reactive Distributed Congestion Control Algorithms for the ITS G5 Vehicular Systems