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We present a short overview on the studies of transverse momentum dependentparton distribution functions of the nucleon. The aim of such studies is toprovide a three dimensional imagining of the nucleon and a comprehensivedescription of semi-inclusive high energy reactions. By comparing with thetheoretical framework that we have for the inclusive deep inelasticlepton-nucleon scattering and the one-dimensional imaging of the nucleon, wesummarize what we need to do in order to construct such a comprehensivetheoretical framework for semi-inclusive processes in terms of threedimensional gauge invariant parton distributions. After that, we present anoverview of what we have already achieved with emphasize on the theoreticalframework for semi-inclusive reactions in leading order perturbative QCD butwith leading and higher twist contributions. We summarize in particular theresults for the differential cross section and the azimuthal spin asymmetriesin terms of the gauge invariant transverse momentum dependent partondistribution functions. We also briefly summarize the available experimentalresults on semi-inclusive reactions and parameterizations of transversemomentum dependent parton distributions extracted from them and make an outlookfor the future studies.

Three Dimensional Imaging of the Nucleon and Semi-Inclusive High Energy Reactions