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Nowadays, advanced security mechanisms exist to protect data, systems, andnetworks. Most of these mechanisms are effective, and security experts canhandle them to achieve a sufficient level of security for any given system.However, most of these systems have not been designed with focus on goodusability for the average end user. Today, the average end user often struggleswith understanding and using security mecha-nisms. Other security mechanismsare simply annoying for end users. As the overall security of any system isonly as strong as the weakest link in this system, bad usability of IT securitymechanisms may result in operating errors, resulting in inse-cure systems.Buying decisions of end users may be affected by the usability of securitymechanisms. Hence, software provid-ers may decide to better have no securitymechanism then one with a bad usability. Usability of IT security mechanisms isone of the most underestimated properties of applications and sys-tems. Even ITsecurity itself is often only an afterthought. Hence, usability of securitymechanisms is often the after-thought of an afterthought. This paper presentssome guide-lines that should help software developers to improve end userusability of security-related mechanisms, and analyzes com-mon applicationsbased on these guidelines. Based on these guidelines, the usability of emailencryption is analyzed and an email encryption solution with increasedusability is presented. The approach is based on an automated key and trustman-agement. The compliance of the proposed email encryption solution with thepresented guidelines for usable security mechanisms is evaluated.

Towards Enhanced Usability of IT Security Mechanisms - How to Design Usable IT Security Mechanisms Using the Example of Email Encryption