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The transition frequency between nonthermal coherent magnetic precessions andultrafast demagnetization is arguably the most sought after answer in magnetismscience and technology nowadays. So far, it is believed to be in the terahertz(THz) range. Here, using an ultra-intense low frequency THz bullet, and thinmagnetic layers, we report on experimental evidences that fully coherentnonthermal THz magnetic switching may never be reachable in conventionalferromagnetic thin films. At high excitation intensities, while the spins stillcoherently precess with the THz magnetic field, the deposited THz energyinitiates ultrafast demagnetization and ultimately material damage. Theseseries of phenomena are found to take place simultaneously. The reportedexperiments set fundamental limits and raise questions on the coupling betweenelectronic and magnetic systems and the associated structural dynamics on theultrafast time scale.

The terahertz frontier for ultrafast coherent magnetic switching: Terahertz-induced demagnetization in ferromagnets