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The functionality and viability of stored human red blood cells (RBCs) is animportant clinical issue in transfusion. To systematically investigate changesin stored whole blood, the hematological properties of individual RBCs werequantified in blood samples stored for various periods with and without apreservation solution called CPDA-1. With 3-D quantitative phase imagingtechniques, the optical measurements of the 3-D refractive index (RI)distributions and membrane fluctuations were done at the individual cell level.From the optical measurements, the morphological (volume, surface area andsphericity), biochemical (hemoglobin content and concentration), and mechanicalparameters (dynamic membrane fluctuation) were simultaneously quantified toinvestigate the functionalities and their progressive alterations in storedRBCs. Our results show that the stored RBCs without CPDA-1 had a dramaticmorphological transformation from discocytes to spherocytes within 2 weekswhich was accompanied with significant decreases in cell deformability and cellsurface area, and increases in sphericity. However, the stored RBCs with CPDA-1maintained their morphology and deformability for up to 6 weeks.

Alterations in cell surface area and deformability of individual human red blood cells in stored blood