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This paper proposes a new approach to model the temporal dynamics of asequence of facial expressions. To this purpose, a sequence of Face ImageDescriptors (FID) is regarded as the output of a Linear Time Invariant (LTI)system. The temporal dynamics of such sequence of descriptors are representedby means of a Hankel matrix. The paper presents different strategies to computedynamics-based representation of a sequence of FID, and reports classificationaccuracy values of the proposed representations within different standardclassification frameworks. The representations have been validated in two verychallenging application domains: emotion recognition and pain detection.Experiments on two publicly available benchmarks and comparison withstate-of-the-art approaches demonstrate that the dynamics-based FIDrepresentation attains competitive performance when off-the-shelfclassification tools are adopted.

Using Hankel Matrices for Dynamics-based Facial Emotion Recognition and Pain Detection