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21 cm cosmology, the statistical observation of the high redshift universeusing the hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen, has the potential torevolutionize our understanding of cosmology and the astrophysical processesthat underlie the formation of the first stars, galaxies, and black holesduring the "Cosmic Dawn." By making tomographic maps with low frequency radiointerferometers, we can study the evolution of the 21 cm signal with time andspatial scale and use it to understand the density, temperature, and ionizationevolution of the intergalactic medium over this dramatic period in the historyof the universe.  For my Ph.D. thesis, I explore a number of advancements toward detecting andcharacterizing the 21 cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn, especially during itsfinal stage, the epoch of reionization. In seven different previously publishedpapers, I explore new techniques for the statistical analysis ofinterferometric measurements, apply them to data from current generationtelescopes like the Murchison Widefield Array, and look forward to what wemight measure with the next generation of 21 cm observatories. I focus inparticular on estimating the power spectrum of 21 cm brightness temperaturefluctuations in the presence enormous astrophysical foregrounds and how thosemeasurements may constrain the physics of the Cosmic Dawn.  Thesis Supervisor: Max Tegmark

It's Always Darkest Before the Cosmic Dawn: Early Results from Novel Tools and Telescopes for 21 cm Cosmology