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Recent development in the physics of high-temperature superconductivity isreviewed, with special emphasis on the studies of the low-energy excitations ofcuprate and iron-based superconductors. For cuprate superconductors, aphenomenology based on coexisting competing orders with superconductivity inthe ground state of these doped Mott insulators is shown to provide aconsistent account for a wide range of experimental findings. In the case ofiron-based superconductors, studies of the low-energy excitations revealinteresting similarities and differences when compared with cupratesuperconductors. In contrast to the single-band cuprate superconductivity withan insulating parent state, the ferrous superconductors are multi-bandmaterials with a semi-metallic parent state and exhibit two-gapsuperconductivity when doped. On the other hand, both systems exhibit strongantiferromagnetic correlation and Fermi-surface distortion, leading tounconventional pairing symmetries with sign-changing order parameters ondifferent parts of the Fermi surface. These findings suggest that the pairingpotentials in both the cuprate and the ferrous superconductors are generallyrepulsive, thus favor a pairing mechanism that is electronically driven and apairing strength that is closely related to the electronic correlation. Thephysical implications of the unified phenomenology based on antiferromagneticcorrelations and remaining open issues associated with the cuprate and ferroussuperconductivity are discussed.

Spectroscopic Studies of Quasiparticle Low-Energy Excitations in Cuprate and Iron-Based High-Temperature Superconductors