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Light scattering inhibits high-resolution optical imaging, manipulation andtherapy deep inside biological tissue by preventing focusing. To form deepfoci, wavefront-shaping and time-reversal techniques that break the opticaldiffusion limit have been developed. For in vivo applications, such focusingmust provide high gain, high speed, and a large number of spatial modes.However, none of the previous techniques meet these requirementssimultaneously. Here, we overcome this challenge by rapidly measuring theperturbed optical field within a single camera exposure followed by adaptivelytime-reversing the phase-binarized perturbation. Consequently, aphase-conjugated wavefront is synthesized within a millisecond, two orders ofmagnitude shorter than the digitally achieved record. We demonstrated real-timefocusing in dynamic scattering media, and extended laser speckle contrastimaging to new depths. The unprecedented combination of fast response, highgain, and large mode count makes this work a major stride toward in vivo deeptissue optical imaging, manipulation, and therapy.

Fast binarized time-reversed adapted-perturbation (b-TRAP) optical focusing inside scattering media