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Cellular reprogramming, the conversion of one cell type to another, hasfundamentally transformed our conception of cell types. Cellular reprogramminginduces global changes in gene expression involving hundreds of transcriptionfactors and thousands of genes and understanding how cells globally alter theirgene expression profile during reprogramming is an open problem. Here wereanalyze time-series data on cellular reprogramming from differentiated celltypes to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and show that gene expressiondynamics during reprogramming follow a simple one-dimensional reactioncoordinate. This reaction coordinate is independent of both the time it takesto reach the iPSC state as well as the details of experimental protocol used.Using Monte-Carlo simulations, we show that such a reaction coordinate emergesnaturally from epigenetic landscape models of cell identity where cellularreprogramming is viewed as a "barrier-crossing" between the starting and endingcell fates. The model also provides gene-level insight into reprogrammingdynamics and resolves a debate in the stem cell field about the differentphases of reprogramming dynamics. Overall, our analysis and model suggest thatgene expression dynamics during reprogramming follow a canonical trajectoryconsistent with the idea of an "optimal path" in gene expression space forreprogramming.

Cellular reprogramming dynamics follow a simple one-dimensional reaction coordinate