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The statistical validation of transiting exoplanets proved to be an efficienttechnique to secure the nature of small exoplanet signals which cannot beestablished by purely spectroscopic means. However, the spectroscopic diagnosesare providing us with useful constraints on the presence of blended stellarcontaminants. In this paper, we present how a contaminating star affects themeasurements of the various spectroscopic diagnoses as function of theparameters of the target and contaminating stars using the model implementedinto the PASTIS planet-validation software. We find particular cases for whicha blend might produce a large radial velocity signal but no bisector variation.It might also produce a bisector variation anti-correlated with the radialvelocity one, as in the case of stellar spots. In those cases, the full widthhalf maximum variation provides complementary constraints. These results can beused to constrain blend scenarios for transiting planet candidates or radialvelocity planets. We review all the spectroscopic diagnoses reported in theliterature so far, especially the ones to monitor the line asymmetry. Weestimate their uncertainty and compare their sensitivity to blends. Based onthat, we recommend the use of BiGauss which is the most sensitive diagnosis tomonitor line-profile asymmetry. In this paper, we also investigate thesensitivity of the radial velocities to constrain blend scenarios and develop aformalism to estimate the level of dilution of a blended signal. Finally, weapply our blend model to re-analyse the spectroscopic diagnoses of HD16702, anunresolved face-on binary which exhibits bisector variations.

PASTIS: Bayesian extrasolar planet validation II. Constraining exoplanet blend scenarios using spectroscopic diagnoses