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The response of superconducting pair-breaking detectors is dependent on thedetails of the quasiparticle distribution. In Kinetic Inductance Detectors(KIDs), where both pair breaking and non-pair breaking photons are absorbedsimultaneously, calculating the detector response therefore requires knowledgeof the often nonequilibrium distributions. The quasiparticle effectivetemperature provides a good approximation to these nonequilibriumdistributions. We compare an analytical expression relating absorbed power andthe quasiparticle effective temperature in superconducting thin films to fullsolutions for the nonequilibrium distributions, and find good agreement for arange of materials, absorbed powers, photon frequencies and temperaturestypical of KIDs. This analytical expression allows inclusion of nonequilibriumeffects in device models without solving for the detailed distributions. Wealso show our calculations of the frequency dependence of the detector responseare in agreement with recent experimental measurements of the response of TaKIDs at THz frequencies.

Quasiparticle effective temperature in superconducting thin films illuminated at THz frequencies